Additional cpu features detection

[AntoinePrv]

Extend the calls to cpuid and design a cleaner interface to expose more information not immediately used in this library, but likely relevant for its users, such availability of BMI2, cache sizes...
Example interface https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/intrinsics/cpuid-cpuidex?view=msvc-170.

The context is from Apache Arrow's own detection features not being well maintained apache/arrow#45331.
Alternatives such as https://github.com/google/cpu_features would require adding yet another dependency to Arrow.

This was discussed with @pitrou and @JohanMabille who agree in principle that this addition could have general benefits for users.

What do you think @serge-sans-paille?

[serge-sans-paille]

Current implementation is perfectible, I second the idea.